Part 2: The Birth of Cabernet Sauvignon and the Rise of Bordeaux
Cabernet Sauvignon is widely believed to have originated in Bordeaux. Genetic testing shows it is a natural crossing of Cabernet Franc and Sauvignon Blanc, both closely associated with the region.
Of course, Bordeaux was producing wine long before Cabernet Sauvignon appeared. Even today, the region grows a wide mix of grape varieties. However, over the past 250 years, Cabernet Sauvignon has moved from relative obscurity to global prominence. In the last century, it has become one of the most recognised grape varieties in the world.
This raises an important question. Is Cabernet Sauvignon inherently special, or has its reputation been shaped by the influence of Bordeaux? In reality, it is likely a combination of both.
The Role of Bordeaux
The story of Cabernet Sauvignon is closely tied to the history of Bordeaux. While it is the likely birthplace of the variety, its rise has as much to do with the region’s influence as it does with the grape itself.
Cabernet Sauvignon is, in fact, a relatively modern variety. It was first recorded in the 17th century and did not gain real importance until the 19th century. Its global dominance only took shape in the 20th century.
A Dynamic Wine Region
There is often a perception that European wine regions are fixed in tradition. However, the reality is quite different. Regions such as Bordeaux have always adapted to changing conditions, including shifts in trade, technology and global demand.
Throughout history, major events have reshaped wine production. Some producers have embraced change, while others have resisted it. As a result, wine regions continue to evolve.
The Origins of Bordeaux
Wine production in Bordeaux dates back around 2,000 years. The Roman writer Pliny the Elder was among the first to document the region.
However, this does not make Bordeaux ancient in the context of wine. Evidence of winemaking goes back roughly 8,000 years. In that sense, Bordeaux sits closer to the present than to the origins of wine itself.
Importantly, Cabernet Sauvignon did not exist during this early period. It would emerge much later and only gradually become significant.
Bordeaux and the English-Speaking World
Bordeaux has long held strong ties with the English-speaking world. Its proximity to Britain made it an important source of wine during Roman times.
This connection strengthened in the Middle Ages. When Eleanor of Aquitaine married the English king, Bordeaux effectively became part of the English sphere of influence. As a result, wine from the region flowed steadily into England.
Even after political control shifted, trade continued. Over time, this relationship helped establish Bordeaux as a benchmark for fine wine, particularly in English-speaking markets.
Bordeaux and the Age of Change
Bordeaux thrived during periods of major social and economic change. As Europe moved from feudal systems to more modern economies, the region grew as both a trading port and a centre of wealth.
This period culminated in the 1855 classification, commissioned by Napoleon III for the Paris Exposition. The classification ranked the region’s leading wines and helped define Bordeaux’s global reputation.
At this time, Cabernet Sauvignon was just beginning to establish itself, particularly in the Médoc. The classification reinforced its association with quality, even though its dominance was still emerging.
Why Cabernet Sauvignon Rose
Several factors contributed to the rise of Cabernet Sauvignon.
First, it proved well suited to the soils of Bordeaux, particularly the gravel sites of the Médoc. Second, it showed strong resistance to disease and adapted well to grafting after the devastation caused by Phylloxera.
Later events also played a role. Severe frosts in the 20th century led to widespread replanting, often favouring Cabernet Sauvignon due to its resilience. Over time, it became the dominant variety in many of the region’s most celebrated vineyards.
A Modern Classic
Despite its reputation, Cabernet Sauvignon is a relatively recent success story. Its rise reflects a combination of natural suitability, historical circumstance and global influence.
From Bordeaux, it went on to shape wine styles around the world. Its influence continues to define both traditional and modern wine regions.
Cabernet Sauvignon: Five Reasons to Drink It
Pedigree
Cabernet Sauvignon has a strong history in the Yarra Valley. It reflects decades of vineyard development and regional knowledge.
Reliability
The variety shows consistent character across vintages. It works equally well in relaxed and more formal settings.
Ageability
Yarra Valley Cabernet Sauvignon drinks well when young, but it also rewards cellaring.
Regional Expression
In the Yarra Valley, Cabernet Sauvignon balances ripe fruit with fresh, savoury notes. This reflects the region’s cool climate and landscape.
Deliciousness
At its core, it is simply enjoyable to drink. Balanced, expressive and satisfying.
